Monte-Carlo optical model coupled with Inverse Adding-Doubling for Building Integrated Photovoltaic smart window design and characterisation

Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) glazings are promising technologies with the benefits of electricity generation, solar shading and building energy savings. A new approach is to integrate BIPV windows thermotropic materials such as Hydroxypropyl Cellulose (HPC) hydrogel, which offers adaptive advantages for systems respond time-varying weather conditions but also enhances PV generation. To design systems, knowledge temperature-dependent scattering properties selected significance. In this study, a smart window system consisting membrane synthesised using HPC gellan gum gelling agent generation control has been designed investigated. An advanced optical model, combines Monte-Carlo ray-tracing technique an Inverse Adding-Doubling (IAD) method, developed characterising in terms angular distribution under various temperatures concentrations. Then model validated by comparison experimental measurements. Subsequently, used optimise proposed window. The effects concentration, geometric concentration ratio, thickness glass refractive index on power outputs have evaluated. Finally, prototype 6 wt% manufactured tested indoor conditions. From tests, it was found that total transmittance double-pane sample layer decreases from approximately 90%to 14%, when temperature increases 27 °C 56 °C. measured short-circuit current up 1.15 times higher than its counterpart similar area no membrane.